首先我们需要安装typescript的tsc编译器，tsc能够把ts转换为js，因为node的解释器是不认ts的，因此在运行node应用之前需要把ts转换为js。
npm install --save typescript
等待安装完毕之后
tsc -v
Vesion 2.6.1
创建一个typescript node 项目
mkdir node_project
cd node_project
npm init
... //这里是nodejs app 的初始化 会有一些相关的询问设置
tsc.init
npm init 是把该项目初始化为一个npm 项目,之后执行tsc init 是为了帮助我们创建tsconfig.json文件,tsconfig 是 tsc 每次编译的都会去检查的配置文件
{
"compilerOptions": {
/* Basic Options */
"target": "es5", /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', or 'ESNEXT'. */
"module": "commonjs", /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', or 'ESNext'. */
// "lib": [], /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation: */
// "allowJs": true, /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
// "checkJs": true, /* Report errors in .js files. */
// "jsx": "preserve", /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */
// "declaration": true, /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
// "sourceMap": true, /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
// "outFile": "./", /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
"outDir": "./dist", /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
"rootDir": "./src", /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
// "removeComments": true, /* Do not emit comments to output. */
// "noEmit": true, /* Do not emit outputs. */
// "importHelpers": true, /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
// "downlevelIteration": true, /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
// "isolatedModules": true, /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */
/* Strict Type-Checking Options */
"strict": true, /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
// "noImplicitAny": true, /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
// "strictNullChecks": true, /* Enable strict null checks. */
// "strictFunctionTypes": true, /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
// "noImplicitThis": true, /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
// "alwaysStrict": true, /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */
/* Additional Checks */
// "noUnusedLocals": true, /* Report errors on unused locals. */
// "noUnusedParameters": true, /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
// "noImplicitReturns": true, /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
// "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */
/* Module Resolution Options */
// "moduleResolution": "node", /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
// "baseUrl": "./", /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
// "paths": {}, /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
// "rootDirs": [], /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
// "typeRoots": [], /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
// "types": [], /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
// "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true, /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
// "preserveSymlinks": true, /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
/* Source Map Options */
// "sourceRoot": "./", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
// "mapRoot": "./", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
// "inlineSourceMap": true, /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
// "inlineSources": true, /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */
/* Experimental Options */
"experimentalDecorators": true /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
// "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */
}
}
这里只需关注一下outDir和rootDir。outDir是tsc编译后输出的js文件的目录，这里我把它输出在dist目录，rootDir是源文件的目录，也就是需要被tsc编译的目录。
mkdir <project-name>
cd <project-name>
git init // 初始化 git 配置文件
mkdir src
// 安装依赖
npm init // 初始化 package.json
npm i koa koa-router
npm i --save-dev typescript ts-node nodemon
npm i --save-dev @types/koa @types/koa-router
添加 tsconfig.json 配置，为了使用原生的 Async/Await，我们将编译的目标版本设置为 es2017:
{
"compilerOptions": {
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "es2017",
"noImplicitAny": true,
"moduleResolution": "node",
"sourceMap": true,
"outDir": "dist", // TS文件编译后会放入到此文件夹内
"baseUrl": ".",
"paths": {
"*": [
"node_modules/*",
"src/types/*"
]
}
},
"include": [
"src/**/*"
]
}
我们在根目录下面创建 app.ts
import * as Koa from "koa";
import * as Router from "koa-router";
import * as fs from "fs";
let app = new Koa();
let router = new Router();
/**
* 当node 进程崩溃的时候处理
*/
process.addListener("uncaughtException",(err:Error)=>{
if(err.message) {
console.log(err.message);
}
if(err.stack) {
console.log(err.stack);
}
})
/**
* 当node 进程退出时候处理
*/
process.addListener("exit",(code:number)=>{
console.log("exit code" + code);
});
/**
* hello world
*/
router.get("/*",async(ctx)=>{
ctx.body = "hello world";
});
app.use(router.routes);
app.listen(3000);
console.log("server runing on port 3000");
如果服务堆在一个app.ts里 那也是可以的，不过我这里学到一个高级一点的方法，创建servers目录，在servers里创建一个LoginServer.ts
//LoginServer.ts
async function login(ctx,next) {
console.log("the call login function")
var body = ctx.request.body; //接收post 请求参数
console.log(body);
return ctx.response.body = body;
}
async function login_get(ctx,netx) {
console.log("the call login_get function")
var query = ctx.request.querty; //接收get 请求参数
console.log(query);
//返回
return ctx.response.body = query;
}
/**
* 导出接口
*/
module.exports = {
'POST /login/login':login,
'GET /login/login_get':login_get
}
然后修改app.ts 添加 initServers方法
import * as Koa from "koa";
import * as Router from "koa-router";
import { EventEmitter } from "events";
import { eventNames } from "cluster";
import * as fs from "fs";
let app = new Koa();
let router = new Router();
function initServers():void {
var server_files:string[];
var files = fs.readdirSync(__dirname + "/servers");
server_files = files.filter((f)=>{
return f.endsWith(".js");
},this);
server_files.forEach(f => {
let mapping = require(__dirname + "/servers/" + f);
for(var url in mapping) {
if(url.startsWith("GET")) {
let funs:string[] = url.split(/\s+/i);
console.log(funs);
router.get(funs[0],mapping[url]);
} else if(url.startsWith("POST")) {
let funs:string[] = url.split(/\s+/i);
console.log(funs);
router.post(funs[0],mapping[url]);
} else {
console.log("未知服务:" + url);
}
}
});
}
initServers();
/**
* 当node 进程崩溃的时候处理
*/
process.addListener("uncaughtException",(err:Error)=>{
if(err.message) {
console.log(err.message);
}
if(err.stack) {
console.log(err.stack);
}
})
/**
* 当node 进程退出时候处理
*/
process.addListener("exit",(code:number)=>{
console.log("exit code" + code);
});
/**
* hello world
*/
router.get("/*",async(ctx)=>{
ctx.body = "hello world";
});
app.use(router.routes);
app.listen(3000);
console.log("server runing on port 3000");