AlgoPy, a library for Automatic Differentation (AD) in Python

Description:

AlgoPy allows you to differentiate functions implemented as computer programs by using Algorithmic Differentiation (AD) techniques in the forward and reverse mode.

The forward mode propagates univariate Taylor polynomials of arbitrary order. Hence it is also possible to use AlgoPy to evaluate higher-order derivative tensors.

The reverse mode is also known as backpropagation and can be found in similar form in tools like PyTorch.

Speciality of AlgoPy is the possibility to differentiate functions that contain matrix functions as +,-,*,/, dot, solve, qr, eigh, cholesky.

Rationale:

Many programs for scientific computing make use of numerical linear algebra. The defacto standard for array manipulations in Python is NumPy. AlgoPy allows you to write code that can either be evaluated by NumPy, or with AlgoPy with little or no modifications to your code.

Note that this does not mean that any code you wrote can be differentiated with AlgoPy, but rather that you can write code that can be evaluated with or without AlgoPy.

Documentation:

Available at http://packages.python.org/algopy/

For more documentation have a look at:

1. the talks in the ./documentation folder
2. the examples in the ./documentation/examples folder
3. sphinx documenation ./documentation/sphinx and run make

Example:

Compute directional derivatives of the function f(J):

import numpy
from algopy import UTPM, qr, solve, dot, eigh

def f(x):
    N,M = x.shape
    Q,R = qr(x)
    Id = numpy.eye(M)
    Rinv = solve(R,Id)
    C = dot(Rinv,Rinv.T)
    l,U = eigh(C)
    return l[0]

x = UTPM.init_jacobian(numpy.random.random((50,10)))
y = f(x)
J = UTPM.extract_jacobian(y)

print 'Jacobian dy/dx =', J

Installation:

see http://packages.python.org/algopy/

Features:

Univariate Taylor Propagation:

• Univariate Taylor Propagation on Matrices (UTPM) Implementation in: algopy.utpm
• Exact Interpolation of Higher Order Derivative Tensors: (Hessians, etc.)

Reverse Mode:

ALGOPY also features functionality for convenient differentiation of a given algorithm. For that, the sequence of operation is recorded by tracing the evaluation of the algorithm. Implementation in: ./algopy/tracer.py

Testing:

Uses numpy testing facilities. Simply run:

$ python -c "import algopy; algopy.test()"

Alternatives:

There are nowadays many alternatives like PYTORCH which provide a more efficient way for backpropagation on CPU/GPUs.

For AD in Python you can also have a look at

• PYADOLC a Python wrapper for ADOL-C (C++)
• PYCPPAD a Python wrapper for CppAD (C++)

However, their support for differentiation of Numerical Linear Algebra (NLA) functions is only very limited.

Email:

[email protected]

How to cite AlgoPy:

@article{Walter2011,
title = "Algorithmic differentiation in Python with AlgoPy",
journal = "Journal of Computational Science",
volume = "",
number = "0",
pages = " - ",
year = "2011",
note = "",
issn = "1877-7503",
doi = "10.1016/j.jocs.2011.10.007",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877750311001013",
author = "Sebastian F. Walter and Lutz Lehmann",
keywords = "Automatic differentiation",
keywords = "Cholesky decomposition",
keywords = "Hierarchical approach",
keywords = "Higher-order derivatives",
keywords = "Numerical linear algebra",
keywords = "NumPy",
keywords = "Taylor arithmetic"
}

---

Licence:

BSD style using http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php template as it was on 2009-01-24 with the following substutions:

• <YEAR> = 2008-2009
• <OWNER> = Sebastian F. Walter, [email protected]
• <ORGANIZATION> = contributors' organizations
• In addition, "Neither the name of the contributors' organizations" was changed to "Neither the names of the contributors' organizations"

Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Seastian F. Walter All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

• Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
• Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
• Neither the names of the contributors' organizations nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.