Authentication.ps1

#Requires -Module Microsoft.Graph.Authentication
<#
    The Connect-Graph function incorporates work to get tokens from an Azure
    session and to referesh tokens which was published by Justin Grote at
        https://github.com/JustinGrote/JustinGrote.Microsoft.Graph.Extensions/blob/main/src/Public/Connect-MgGraphAz.ps1
    and licensed by him under the same MIT terms which apply to this module (see the LICENSE file for details)

    Portions of this file are   Copyright 2021 Justin Grote @justinwgrote
    The remainder is Copyright 2018-2021 James O'Neill
#>
using namespace Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Authentication
using namespace Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Models
using namespace System.Management.Automation

[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSAvoidUsingWriteHost', '', Justification='Write host used for colored information message telling user to make a change and remove the message')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSAvoidGlobalVars', '', Justification='Items needed outside the module')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseDeclaredVarsMoreThanAssignments', '', Justification='False positive for global vars.')]
param()

#Functions we will define are aliases in Microsoft.Graph.Authentication so remove them
Remove-item Alias:\Invoke-GraphRequest -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Remove-Item Alias:\Connect-Graph       -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Set-Alias   -Value Get-MgContext       -Name "Get-GraphContext"

function Test-GraphSession          {
<#
    .synopsis
        Connect if necessary, catch tokens needing renewal.
#>
    param ( [switch]$Quiet )

    if (-not [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext) {Connect-Graph -Quiet:$Quiet | Out-Host}
    elseif  ([GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.TokenExpires -is [datetime] -and
             [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.TokenExpires -lt [datetime]::Now.AddMinutes(-1)) {
        if ($Script:RefreshParams) {
            if (-not $Quiet) { Write-Host -ForegroundColor DarkCyan "Token Expired! Refreshing before executing command."}
            Connect-Graph @script:RefreshParams
        }
        else {Write-Warning "Token appears to have expired and no refresh information is available "}
    }
}

function Invoke-GraphRequest        {
    <#
      .synopsis
        Wrappper for Invoke-MgGraphRequest.With token management and result pre-processing
      .description
        Adds -ValueOnly to return just the value part
             -AllValues to return gather multiple sets when data is paged
             -AsType to convert the retuned results to a specific type
             -ExcludeProperty  and -PropertyNotMatch for results which have properties which aren't in the specified type
    #>
    [alias('igr')]
    param   (
        #Uri to call can be a segment such as /beta/me or a fully qualified https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/me
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=1 )]
        [uri]$Uri,

        #Http Method
        [ValidateSet('GET','POST','PUT','PATCH','DELETE')]
        [Parameter(Position=2 )]
        $Method,

        #Request body, required when Method is POST or PATCH
        [Parameter(Position=3,ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
        $Body,

        #Optional custom headers, commonly @{'ConsistencyLevel'='eventual'}
        [System.Collections.IDictionary]$Headers,

        #Output file where the response body will be saved
        [string]$OutputFilePath,

        [switch]$InferOutputFileName,

        #Input file to send in the request
        [string]$InputFilePath,

        #Indicates that the cmdlet returns the results, in addition to writing them to a file. Only valid when the OutFile parameter is also used.
        [switch]$PassThru,

        #OAuth or Bearer token to use instead of acquired token
        [securestring]$Token,

        #Add headers to request header collection without validation
        [switch]$SkipHeaderValidation,

        #Body content type, for exmaple 'application/json'
        [string]$ContentType,

        #Graph Authentication type - 'default' or 'userProvivedToken'
        [Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Authentication.Models.GraphRequestAuthenticationType]
        $Authentication,

        #Specifies a web request session. Enter the variable name, including the dollar sign ($).You can''t use the SessionVariable and GraphRequestSession parameters in the same command.
        [Alias('SV')]
        [string]$SessionVariable,

        [Alias('RHV')]
        [string]$ResponseHeadersVariable,

        [string]$StatusCodeVariable,

        [switch]$SkipHttpErrorCheck,

        #If specified returns the .values property instead of the whole JSON object returned by the API call
        [switch]$ValueOnly,

        #If specified, loops through multi-paged results indicated by an '@odata.nextLink' property
        [switch]$AllValues,

        #If specified removes properties found in the JSON before converting to a type or returning the object
        [string[]]$ExcludeProperty =@(),

        #A regular expression for keys to be removed, for example to catch many odata properties
        [string]$PropertyNotMatch,

        #If specified converts the JSON object to properties of the a new object of the requested type. Any properties which are expected in the JSON but not defined in the type should be excluded.
        [string]$AsType
    )
    begin   {
        $null = $PSBoundParameters.Remove('AllValues') , $PSBoundParameters.Remove('AsType'), $PSBoundParameters.Remove('ExcludeProperty'), $PSBoundParameters.Remove('PropertyNotMatch') , $PSBoundParameters.Remove('ValueOnly')
        if ($ExcludeProperty -notcontains  '@odata.id') {$ExcludeProperty  += '@odata.id'}
        if     ($AsType -match "MicrosoftGraphGroup$" ) {$allowedProperties = $Script:GroupProperties.where({$_ -notin $ExcludeProperty}) }
        elseif ($AsType -match "MicrosoftGraphUser$"  ) {$allowedProperties = $Script:UserProperties.where({$_ -notin $ExcludeProperty})  }
        elseif ($AsType)                                {$allowedProperties = ([type]$AsType).DeclaredProperties.Name.where({$_ -notin $ExcludeProperty})}
        if ($PropertyNotMatch)                          {$allowedProperties = $allowedProperties -notmatch $PropertyNotMatch}

        Test-GraphSession
        function sendResult {
            param ($result)
            foreach ($r in $result) {
                if (-not $AsType) {$r}
                else  {
                    foreach ($p in  $r.keys.where({$_ -notin $allowedProperties})) {[void]$r.remove($p)}
                    New-Object -TypeName $AsType -Property $r
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        #I try to use "response" when it is an interim thing not the final result.
        $response = $null
        $response = Microsoft.Graph.Authentication\Invoke-MgGraphRequest @PSBoundParameters
        if ($ValueOnly -or $AllValues) {
            sendresult $response.value
            if ($AllValues) {
                while ($response.'@odata.nextLink') {
                    $PSBoundParameters['Uri'] =  $response.'@odata.nextLink'
                    $response   =   Microsoft.Graph.Authentication\Invoke-MgGraphRequest @PSBoundParameters
                    sendResult $response.value
                }
            }
        }
        else  {sendResult $response}
        if ($StatusCodeVariable) {Set-variable $StatusCodeVariable -Scope 1 -Value (Get-Variable $StatusCodeVariable -ValueOnly) }

    }
}

function Get-AccessToken            {
<#
  .Synopsis
    Requests a token for a resource path, used by connect graph but available to other tools.
  .Description
    An access token is obtained form "https://login.microsoft.com/<<tenant-ID>>/oauth2/token"
    By specifying the ID, and secret of a client app known to in that tenant,
    different modes of granting a token to access a resource (logging on) are possible:
    Extra fields passed in BodyParts    grant_type
    * Username and password            'Password'
    * Refresh_token                    'Referesh_token'
    * None (logon as the app itself)   'client_credentials'
    The Set-GraphOptions command sets the tenant ID, a client ID and a client secret
    for the session.  By default, when the module loads it looks at $env:GraphSettingsPath or for
    Microsoft.Graph.PlusPlus.settings.ps1  in the module folder, and executes it to set these values)
    Get-AccessToken relies on these if they are not set Connect-Graph removes the parameters
    which support non-intereactive logons and calling it seperately will fail

#>
    param (
        [string]$Resoure      = 'https://graph.microsoft.com',
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$GrantType ,
        [hashtable]$BodyParts = @{}
    )
    if (-not ($Script:TenantID -and $Script:ClientID)) {
        [UnauthorizedAccessException]::new('The tenant, and ClientID need to be set with Set-GraphOptions before calling this command.')
    }
    $tokenUri  = "https://login.microsoft.com/$Script:TenantID/oauth2/token"
    $body      = $BodyParts + @{
                    'client_id'     = $Script:ClientID
                    'resource'      = $Resoure
                    'grant_type'    = $GrantType
    }
    Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -Uri $tokenUri -Body $body
}

function Get-AzureIdentityToken     {
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='scopes')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'scopes')]
        [String[]]$Scopes = 'https://graph.microsoft.com/',
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'tokenRequest', Mandatory)]
        [TokenRequestContext]$TokenRequestContext,
        [Switch]$Interactive,
        [ValidateSet('AzureCLI','Default','DeviceCode','InteractiveBrowser')]
        [string]$Type = 'Default'
    )
    end {
        if ($Type -in @('InteractiveBrowser','DeviceCode')) {
           $scopes = @('User.ReadWrite.all', 'openid', 'profile')
        }
        if (!$TokenRequestContext) {$TokenRequestContext = [Azure.Core.TokenRequestContext]::new($Scopes)}

        switch ($type) {
           "AzureCLI"           {$tokenCache = [Azure.Identity.AzureCliCredential]::new()}   #returns scopes  AuditLog.Read.All Directory.AccessAsUser.All Group.ReadWrite.All User.ReadWrite.All / client 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46 : Microsoft Azure CLI
                                #.AuthorizationCodeCredential, would take $Script:TenantID, $Script:ClientID,  $Script:ClientSecret + AuthCode;  can't get AzurePowerShellCredential to work
                                #.ChainedTokenCredential takes array of tokencredentials, ClientCertificateCredential takes  $Script:TenantID, $Script:ClientID  cert
                                # ClientSecretCredential takes $Script:TenantID, $Script:ClientID,  $Script:ClientSecret' EnvironmentCredential uses env variables
           "Default"            {$tokenCache = [Azure.Identity.DefaultAzureCredential]::new($Interactive)}  # returns scopes  Application.ReadWrite.All email openid profile User.ReadWrite.All / client 872cd9fa-d31f-45e0-9eab-6e460a02d1f1 :    : Visual Studio
           "DeviceCode"         {$tokenCache = [Azure.Identity.DeviceCodeCredential]::new()}                # returns Scopes  AuditLog.Read.All Directory.AccessAsUser.All email Group.ReadWrite.All openid profile User.ReadWrite.All  / client 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46 : Microsoft Azure CLI
           "InteractiveBrowser" {$tokenCache = [Azure.Identity.InteractiveBrowserCredential]::new()}        # AuditLog.Read.All Directory.AccessAsUser.All email Group.ReadWrite.All openid profile User.ReadWrite.All  / client 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46 : Microsoft Azure CLI
                                        #ManagedIdentityCredential takes clientID ;SharedTokenCacheCredential doesn't need anything (but is empty for me!)
                                        #.UsernamePasswordCredential string username, string password, string tenantId, string clientId
        }
        $tokenCache.GetToken($TokenRequestContext,[System.Threading.CancellationToken]::new($false))
    }
}

function Connect-Graph              {
    <#
        .Synopsis
            Starts a session with Microsoft Graph
        .Description
            This commands is a wrapper for Connect-MgGraph it extends the authentication methods available
            and caches information needed by other commands. Some logon methods apply to the current user
            and may allow access to the same user without re-authenticating. Others only apply to the
            current process.
        .Example
            PS> Connect-Graph -UseDeviceAuthentication
            When Connect-Graph is run without parameters, it will select a suitable logon method.
            Specifying -UseDeviceAuthentication ensures the method is to display a code to paste (or type)
            into a Microsoft Web page to authenticate with either a Personal Account or work-or-school
            (Azure AD) account. Where necessary the login can be done on a different device to one
            running PowerShell commands. With an interactive logon, the user may be asked to approve the scopes
            which determine what the app may do on their behalf.

        .Example
            PS> Set-GraphOptions  -TenantID "fedcba98-7654-3210-1234-567890abcdef" -ClientID  "12345678-abcd-9876-fedc-ba9876543210" -ClientSecret "XxYyZaABCDE.12345"
            PS> Connect-Graph -AsApp
            The first line sets the Azure TennantID, within this tennant an app is defined with the ID 123...3210 and the secret Xx...345
            Usually this is set in the Microsoft.Graph.PlusPlus.settings.ps1 file.
            -AsApp is a dynamic parameter and is only available if these settings are set.
            An error saying the parameter does not exist will be because the values have not been set

            The second line connects to Graph as this application. The process is non-interactive and
            the scopes defining what the app may do must be assigned to it before it logs on.

        .Example
            PS> Set-GraphOptions  -TenantID "fedcba98-7654-3210-1234-567890abcdef" -ClientID  "12345678-abcd-9876-fedc-ba9876543210"
            PS> $MyCred = Import-CliXML cred.xml
            PS> Connect-Graph -Credential $MyCred
            The first line sets the Azure TennantID, within this tennant an app is defined with the ID 123...3210.
            Users may connect using this App ID which is allowed to take certain actions on their behalf.
            Usually this is set in the Microsoft.Graph.PlusPlus.settings.ps1 file.
            The second line loads the users credential from a file, and the third logs on by getting
            an access token for that app to work as that user. This is also a non-interactive logon so scopes
            must be assigned to the app before use.

        .Example
            PS> $AzResponse = Get-AzAccessToken -ResourceUrl 'https://graph.microsoft.com'
            PS> Connect-Graph -AccessToken $AzResponse.Token

            Connect-Graph will accept pre-built access tokens from other commands. In this case the
            Get-AzAccessToken cmdlet in the Az.Accounts module is used, this will means the user
            signs in to Azure from something else, and requests a new Access token for a particular resource.
            If the resource is 'https://graph.microsoft.com' the token can be passed to Connect-Graph


        .Example
            PS> Connect-Graph -FromAzureCli

            If the AZ command suite is present Connect-Graph will add a dynamic paramter to get an Access token,
            saving a step compared to the previous example.

        .Example
            PS> Show-GraphSession
            PS> Connect-Graph -ForceRefresh

            The first command shows information about the current session, including the name and ID of the App
            which logged on, the Azure AD tennant (if applicable), and the type of logon. If this is "UserProvidedAccessToken"
            Connect-Graph can refresh the token and the second command forces a refresh of the current token.
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName='UserParameterSet')]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseDeclaredVarsMoreThanAssignments', '', Justification='False positive for global vars.')]
    [Alias('New-GraphSession','GraphSession')]
    param        (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'UserParameterSet', Position = 1 )]
        #An array of delegated permissions to consent to.
        [string[]]$Scopes = $Script:DefaultGraphScopes,

        #Specifies a bearer token for Microsoft Graph service. Access tokens do timeout and you'll have to handle their refresh.
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'AccessTokenParameterSet', Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$AccessToken,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'UserParameterSet')]
        [switch]$UseDeviceAuthentication,

        #Forces the command to get a new access token silently.
        [switch]$ForceRefresh ,

        #Determines the scope of authentication context. This accepts `Process` for the current process, or `CurrentUser` for all sessions started by user.
      #  [ContextScope]$ContextScope,

        #Suppress the welcome messages
        [Switch]$Quiet
    )
    dynamicParam {
    <#
        If the Azure commands are present offer -FromAzureToken
        If ClientSecret, ClientID and TenantID have all been set, offer -Credential & -AsApp and if a refresh token was stored, -refresh
        In either of those cases offer -NoRefresh
        If client ID and TenantID have been set (with or without secret) offer the cert parameters.
    #>
        $paramDictionary     = New-Object System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary
        $NoRefreshAttributeCollection = New-Object System.Collections.ObjectModel.Collection[System.Attribute]
        if ($Script:ClientSecret -and $Script:ClientID -and $Script:TenantID) {
            $AppParamAttribute     = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{Mandatory=$true; ParameterSetName='AppSecretParameterSet';}
            #If Specified logs in as the app and gets the access granted to the app instead of logging on as a user.
            $paramDictionary.Add('AsApp',[RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new("AsApp",       [SwitchParameter],$AppParamAttribute))
        }
        if ($Script:ClientID -and $Script:TenantID) {
            $NoRefreshAttributeCollection.Add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{       ParameterSetName='CredParameterSet'}))
            $CredParamAttribute      = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{Mandatory=$true; ParameterSetName='CredParameterSet'}
            $RefreshParamAttribute   = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{Mandatory=$true; ParameterSetName='RefreshParameterSet'}
            #A credential object to logon with an app registered in the tennant
            $paramDictionary.Add('Credential',[RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new("Credential", [pscredential], $CredParamAttribute))
            if ($Script:RefreshToken) {
               $paramDictionary.Add('Refresh',[RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new("Refresh", [SwitchParameter], $RefreshParamAttribute))
            }

            $CertNameAttributeSet    = New-Object System.Collections.ObjectModel.Collection[System.Attribute]
            $CertNameAttributeSet.add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.Aliasattribute     -ArgumentList 'CertificateSubject'))
            $CertNameAttributeSet.add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{ParameterSetName='AppCertNameParameterSet'; Position=1}))
            $CertThumbParamAttribute = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{ParameterSetName='AppCertThunbParameterSet';Position=2}
            $CertParamAttribute      = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{ParameterSetName='AppCertParameterSet'}
            #The name of your certificate. The Certificate will be retrieved from the current user's certificate store.
            $paramDictionary.Add('CertificateName',      [RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new('CertificateName',  [string],   $CertNameAttributeSet))
            #The thumbprint of your certificate. The Certificate will be retrieved from the current user's certificate store.
            $paramDictionary.Add('CertificateThumbprint',[RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new('CertificateThumbprint',  [string],   $CertThumbParamAttribute))
            #An x509 Certificate supplied during invocation - see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/powershell/app-only? for configuring the host side.
            $paramDictionary.Add('Certificate',[RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new('Certificate',  [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2],   $CertParamAttribute))
        }
        #the simpler  Get-command Get-AzAccessToken -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue loads az.accounts. Only offer the parameter if the module is loaded.
        if ("Get-AzAccessToken" -in (Get-Module Az.accounts).ExportedCmdlets.Keys) {
            $NoRefreshAttributeCollection.Add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{       ParameterSetName='AzureParameterSet'}))
            $FromAzParamAttribute = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{ParameterSetName='AzureParameterSet';Position=3}
            $DefProfParamAttribute = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{ParameterSetName='AzureParameterSet';Position=4}
            #The Az Module Context to use for the connection. You can get a list with Get-AzContext -ListAvailable. Note this parameter only accepts one context and if multiple are supplied it will only connect to the last one supplied
            $paramDictionary.Add('FromAzureSession',[RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new('FromAzureSession', [SwitchParameter], $FromAzParamAttribute))
            $paramDictionary.Add('DefaultProfile',  [RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new('DefaultProfile',   [System.Object],   $DefProfParamAttribute))
        }
        if (Get-Command az -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
            $NoRefreshAttributeCollection.Add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{       ParameterSetName='CLIParameterSet'}))
            $FromCLIParamAttribute = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{ParameterSetName='CLIParameterSet';Position=5}
            $paramDictionary.Add('FromAzCLI',[RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new('FromAzCLI', [SwitchParameter], $FromCLIParamAttribute))
        }
        if ($NoRefreshAttributeCollection.Count -ge 1) {
            #Dont register the global refresh handler workaround. This is required if you want to use HttpPipelinePrepend
            $paramDictionary.Add('NoRefresh', [RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new("NoRefresh", [SwitchParameter],$NoRefreshAttributeCollection))
        }
        return $paramDictionary
    }
    begin        {
    #Justin Grote's code makes this script block to call this function with the right parameters. If the token has timed out
    #and makes it the default httpPipelinePrepend script block for SDK commands.  We'll poke the parameters in later
    $RefreshScript = @'
    param ($req, $callback, $next)
    Write-Debug 'Checking if access token refresh required'
    #Check if global timer has expired and refresh if so
    if ([Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Authentication.GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.TokenExpires -is [datetime] -and
        [Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Authentication.GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.TokenExpires -lt [DateTime]::Now) {{
            Write-Host -Fore DarkCyan "Token Expired! Refreshing before executing command."
            Connect-Graph -quiet {0}
    }}
'@  }
    end          {
        $result = $null
        $bp = @{} + $PSBoundParameters #I do not know why psb doesn't work normally with dynamic params but this works round it....
        $paramsToPass         = @{}

        #Sometimes when we want to convert an opaque drive ID (e.g. on a file or folder) to a name; save extra calls to the server by caching the id-->name
        if ((-not $bp.refresh) -or
            (-not $Global:DriveCache))  {$Global:DriveCache          = @{}  }

        #Justin used this variable, for checking expiry I have moved it on to an extra property of [graphSession].instance I'll remove this when I'm happy on compat.
        if ($Global:__MgAzTokenExpires) {$Global:__MgAzTokenExpires = $null}

        #credential , refresh, Azaupp, FromAzureSession are dynamic to hide them if we dont have what they need
        #If specified, get (or refresh) a token for a user name / password with a registerd appID in a known tennant,
        #or for an app-id / secret, or by calling Get-AzAccessToken in the Az.Accounts module (V2 and later)
        if ($bp.Credential -or $bp.Refresh -or $bp.AsApp -or $bp.FromAzureSession -or $bp.FromAzCLI ){
            $tokenUri   = "https://login.microsoft.com/$Script:TenantID/oauth2/token"
            if     ($bp.Refresh)              {
                Write-Verbose "CONNECT: Sending a 'Refresh_token' token request "
                $authresp      = Get-AccessToken -GrantType refresh_token -BodyParts @{'refresh_token' = $Script:RefreshToken}
            }
            elseif ($bp.Credential)           {
                Write-Verbose "CONNECT: Sending a 'Password' token request for $($bp.Credential.UserName) "
                $parts = @{ 'username' = $bp.Credential.UserName;
                            'password' = $bp.Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                }
                if ($Script:ClientSecret) {
                    $parts['client_secret'] = $Script:ClientSecret
                }
                $authresp     = Get-AccessToken -GrantType password -BodyParts $parts
            }
            elseif ($bp.AsApp)                {
                Write-Verbose "CONNECT: Sending a 'client_credentials' token request for the App."
                $authresp     = Get-AccessToken  -GrantType client_credentials -BodyParts @{'client_secret' = $Script:ClientSecret}
            }
            elseif ($bp.FromAzureSession)     {
                Write-Verbose "CONNECT: getting an access token from an Azure PowerShell session."
                if ($bp.DefaultProfile) {$Global:__MgAzContext = $DefaultProfile }
                $authresp =  Get-AzAccessToken -ResourceUrl 'https://graph.microsoft.com' -DefaultProfile $Global:__MgAzContext
            }
            elseif ($bp.FromAzCLI)     {
                Write-Verbose "CONNECT: getting an access token from the Azure CLI."
                $authresp = az account get-access-token  --resource-type ms-graph  --output json | ConvertFrom-Json
            }

            #Did we get our token? If so, store it and whatever we need to refreshing
            if (-not ($authresp.access_token -or $authresp.accesstoken -or $authResp.Token))    {
                throw [System.UnauthorizedAccessException]::new("No Token was returned")
            }
            Write-Verbose ("CONNECT: Token Response= " + ($authresp | Get-Member -MemberType NoteProperty).name -join ", ")
            if       ($authresp.access_token) {
                    $null = $paramsToPass.Add("AccessToken",  $authresp.access_token)
            }
            elseif   ($authresp.accesstoken)  {
                    $null = $paramsToPass.Add("AccessToken",  $authresp.accesstoken)
            }
            elseif   ($authresp.Token)        {
                    $null = $paramsToPass.Add("AccessToken",  $authresp.Token)
            }

            if     ($authresp.scope)          {Write-Verbose "CONNECT: Scope= $($authresp.scope)" }
            if     ($authresp.refresh_token)  {$Script:RefreshToken       = $authresp.refresh_token}
            if     ($authresp.expires_in)     {$Global:__MgAzTokenExpires = (Get-Date).AddSeconds([int]$authresp.expires_in -60 )}
            elseif ($authresp.expires_on -or  $authresp.expireson )    {
                if ($authresp.expires_on) {$e = $authresp.expires_on} else {$e = $authresp.ExpiresOn}
                if     ($e -is [string] -and
                        $e -match "^\w{10}$")     {$Global:__MgAzTokenExpires = [datetime]::UnixEpoch.AddSeconds($e)}
                elseif ($e -is [string] )         {$Global:__MgAzTokenExpires = [datetime]::$e   }
                elseif ($e  -is [datetimeoffset]) {$Global:__MgAzTokenExpires = $e.LocalDateTime }
            }

            if     ($bp.NoRefresh)            {
                $Script:RefreshParams      = $null
            }
            elseif ($bp.FromAzureSession)     {
                $Script:RefreshParams      = @{'Quiet' = $true; 'FromAzureSession' = $True}
                $RefreshScriptBlock        = [scriptblock]::Create(($RefreshScript -f ' -FromAzureSession '))
            }
            elseif ($bp.FromAzCLI)           {
                $Script:RefreshParams      = @{'Quiet' = $true; 'FromAzCLI' = $true}
                $RefreshScriptBlock        = [scriptblock]::Create(($RefreshScript -f ' FromAzCLI '))
            }
            elseif ($bp.AsApp)                {
                $Script:RefreshParams      = @{'Quiet' = $true; 'AsApp' = $true}
                $RefreshScriptBlock        = [scriptblock]::Create(($RefreshScript -f ' -Refresh '))
            }

            elseif ($Script:RefreshToken)     {
                $Script:RefreshParams      = @{'Quiet' = $true; 'Refresh' = $true}
                $RefreshScriptBlock        = [scriptblock]::Create(($RefreshScript -f ' -Refresh '))
            }
        }

        #region gather params and call Connect-MGGraph with a token (passed or just fetched), or with a cert, or opening the device dialog
        #common parameters need to processed differently
        $paramsinTarget       = (Get-Command Connect-MgGraph).Parameters.Keys |
                                    Where-Object {$_ -notin [System.Management.Automation.Cmdlet]::CommonParameters}
        $paramsFromCurrentSet =  $pscmdlet.MyInvocation.MyCommand.Parameters.values.where({
                                    ($_.ParameterSets.containskey($pscmdlet.ParameterSetName) -or
                                     $_.ParameterSets.containskey('__AllParameterSets')     ) -and
                                     $_.Name -in $paramsinTarget -and   #(Get-Variable $_.Name -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
                                     $bp[$_.Name] })

        foreach ($p in $paramsFromCurrentSet.Name ) {
            $paramsToPass[$p] = $bp[$p]   #was Get-Variable $P -ValueOnly
             Write-Verbose ("{0,20} = {1}" -f $p.ToUpper(), $paramsToPass[$p])
        }
        foreach ($p in [System.Management.Automation.Cmdlet]::CommonParameters.Where({$bp.ContainsKey($_)})) {
            $paramsToPass[$p] = $bp[$p]                      ; Write-Verbose ("{0,20} = {1}" -f $p.ToUpper(), $paramsToPass[$p])
        }
        if ($Script:TenantID -and -not $paramsToPass.AccessToken) {
            $paramsToPass['TenantID'] = $Script:TenantID
        }
        if ($pscmdlet.ParameterSetName -match '^AppCert') {
            $paramsToPass['ClientId'] = $Script:ClientID
        }
        #SDK hasn't heard of [cmdletbinding()]
        $oldeap                = $ErrorActionPreference
        $ErrorActionPreference    = 'Stop'
        $result                   = Connect-MgGraph @paramsToPass | ForEach-Object {if ($_ -match "sign in") {Write-Host $_} else {$_} }
        $ErrorActionPreference    = $oldeap
        #endregion
        #region connection succeeds, cache information about the user and session, and if necessary setup a trigger to auto-refresh tokens we fetched above
        if ($result -notmatch "Welcome To Microsoft Graph") {Write-Verbose "Result was $result"}
        else {
            $authcontext          = [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext
            if ($authcontext.TenantId -and $authcontext.TenantId -ne "9188040d-6c67-4c5b-b112-36a304b66dad" ) { #Well know ID for "Personal Account Tennant$"
                #we could call Get-Mgorganization but this way we don't depend on anything outside authentication module
                $Organization     = Invoke-GraphRequest -Method GET -Uri "$GraphURI/organization/$($authcontext.TenantId)"
                Write-Verbose -Message "CONNECT: Account is from $($Organization.DisplayName)"
                Add-Member -force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName TenantName          -NotePropertyValue $Organization.DisplayName
                Add-Member -force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName WorkOrSchool        -NotePropertyValue $true
                if ($authcontext.Account) {
                      $user       = Invoke-GraphRequest -Method GET -Uri "$GraphURI/me/"
                }
                else {$result     = "Welcome To Microsoft Graph, connected to tenant '{1}' as the app '{0}'." -f $authcontext.AppName, $authcontext.TenantName }
            }
            else                  {
                Write-Verbose -Message "CONNECT: Account is from Windows live"
                Add-Member -force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName TenantName          -NotePropertyValue "Personal Account"
                Add-Member -force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName WorkOrSchool        -NotePropertyValue $false
                $user             = Invoke-GraphRequest -Method GET -Uri "$GraphURI/me/"
                if ($user -and $user.userPrincipalName -and -not $authcontext.Account) {
                    $authContext.Account = $user.userPrincipalName
                }
            }
            if ($user) {
                $result           = 'Welcome To Microsoft Graph++, {0}.' -f $authcontext.Account
                if ($Global:GraphUser -and $Global:GraphUser -ne $user.userPrincipalName) {
                    Set-GraphOneNoteHome $null
                    Set-GraphHomeDrive   $null
                }
                $Global:GraphUser =  $user.userPrincipalName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName UserDisplayName     -NotePropertyValue $user.displayName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName UserID              -NotePropertyValue $user.ID
            }
            Add-Member     -Force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName RefreshTokenPresent -NotePropertyValue ($Script:RefreshToken -as [bool])
            Add-Member     -Force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName TokenAutoRefresh    -NotePropertyValue ($RefreshScriptBlock  -as [bool])
            if    ($Global:__MgAzTokenExpires) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $authcontext -NotePropertyName TokenExpires        -NotePropertyValue ($Global:__MgAzTokenExpires)
            }
            elseif ($authcontext.TokenExpires) {$authcontext.TokenExpires = $null}
            if ($RefreshScriptBlock -and -not $Global:PSDefaultParameterValues['*-Mg*:HttpPipelinePrepend']) {
                if (-not $Quiet){
                    Write-Host -Fore DarkCyan "The HttpPipelinePrepend parameter now has a default that checks for refresh tokens. Any command which uses this parameter will lose the auto-refresh"
                }
                $Global:PSDefaultParameterValues['*-Mg*:HttpPipelinePrepend'] = $RefreshScriptBlock
            }
            if ($NoRefresh -and -not $Quiet) {
                Write-Host -Fore Cyan "-NoRefresh was specified. You will need to run this command again after $($tokeninfo.ExpiresOn.LocalDateTime.ToString())"
            }
        }

        #endregion

        if (-not $Quiet) {return $result}
    }
}

function Show-GraphSession          {
    <#
        .Synopsis
            Returns information about the current sesssion
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='None')]
    [OutputType([String])]
    [alias('GWhoAmI')]
    param  (
        #If specified returns only the current account
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Who')]
        [switch]$Who,
        #If specified returns only the scopes available to the current session
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Scopes')]
        [switch]$Scopes,
        #If specified returns the options set using Set-GraphOption
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Options')]
        [switch]$Options,
        #If specified returns the current app name.
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='AppName')]
        [switch]$AppName,
        #If specified runs Test-GraphSession to ensure a session exists.
        [switch]$Force
    )
    dynamicparam {
        $paramDictionary     = New-Object System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary
        if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -ge 7 -and $PSVersionTable.Platform -like 'win*') {
            $cachedTokenParamAttibute = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{ParameterSetName='CachedToken'}
            $paramDictionary.Add('CachedToken', [RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new("CachedToken",  [SwitchParameter],$cachedTokenParamAttibute))
        }
        if ($Script:RefreshToken) {
            $refreshTokenParamAttibute = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute -Property @{ParameterSetName='RefreshToken'}
            $paramDictionary.Add('RefreshToken',[RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new("RefreshToken", [SwitchParameter],$refreshTokenParamAttibute))
        }
        return $paramDictionary
    }
    end {
        if     ($Force)   {Test-GraphSession -Quiet}
        if     (-not       [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext)  {Write-Host  "Ready for Connect-Graph."; return}
        if     ($Scopes)  {[GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.Scopes}
        elseif ($Who)     {[GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.Account}
        elseif ($AppName) {[GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.AppName}
        elseif ($Options) {[pscustomobject][Ordered]@{
            'TenantID'              = $Script:TenantID
            'ClientID'              = $Script:ClientID
            'ClientSecretSet'       = $Script:ClientSecret -as [bool]
            'DefaultScopes'         = $Script:DefaultGraphScopes -join ', '
            'DefaultUserProperties' = $Script:DefaultUserProperties -join ', '
            'DefaultUsageLocation'  = $Script:DefaultUsageLocation
        }}
        elseif (     $PSBoundParameters['RefreshToken']) {return $Script:RefreshToken}
        elseif (-not $PSBoundParameters['CachedToken'])  {
            if      ($Script:SkippedSubmodules) {
                Write-Host -ForegroundColor DarkGray ("Skipped " + ($Script:SkippedSubmodules -join ", ") + " because their Microsoft.Graph module(s) or private.dll file(s) were not found.")
            }
            if      ($Global:PSDefaultParameterValues['Get-GraphDrive:Drive'])           {
                Write-Host "Home OneDrive is set"
            }
            if      ($Global:PSDefaultParameterValues['*GraphOneNoteBook*:Notebook'] -and
                     $Global:PSDefaultParameterValues['Get-GraphOneNotePage:Section'])   {
                     Write-Host "Home Notebook and section are set"
            }
            elseif  ($Global:PSDefaultParameterValues['*GraphOneNoteBook*:Notebook'])    {
                     Write-Host "Home Notebook is set"
            }
            if      ($Global:PSDefaultParameterValues['Add-Graph*Tab:Team']) {
                     Write-Host "Default Group is set and team-enabled, default calendar is a team calendar."
            }
            elseif  ($Global:PSDefaultParameterValues['*-GraphEvent:Group']) {
                     Write-Host "Default Group is set and but not team-enabled, default calendar is a team calendar."
            }
            else   {Write-Host "Default Group is not set, default calendar is for the signed-in user."}
            Get-MgContext
        }
        else {
            $id               = [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.ClientId
            $path             = Join-Path -ChildPath ".graph\$($id)cache.bin3" -Path ([System.Environment]::GetFolderPath([System.Environment+SpecialFolder]::UserProfile))
            if (-not(Test-Path $path)) {
                    Write-Warning "Could not find a cache file for app id $id in the .graph folder."
                    return
            }
            #read and decrypted the ached file, it comes up as not very nice JSON so unpick that.
            $tokenBytes       = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect( (Get-Content $path -AsByteStream) , $null, 0)
            $tokendata        = ConvertFrom-Json ([string]::new($tokenBytes)  -replace '(Token|Account|AppMetaData)":{".*?":{' ,'$1":{"X":{' -replace '"secret":".*?",','')
            $tokendata.account.x | Select-Object Name, Username, Local_account_id, Realm, Authority_type,
                                    @{n='environment';    e={$tokendata.AccessToken.x.environment}},
                                    @{n='client_id';      e={$tokendata.AccessToken.x.client_id}},
                                    @{n='credential_type';e={$tokendata.AccessToken.x.credential_type}},
                                    @{n='target';         e={$tokendata.AccessToken.x.target}},
                                    @{n='cached_at';      e={[datetime]::UnixEpoch.AddSeconds($tokendata.AccessToken.x.cached_at)}},
                                    @{n='expires_on';     e={[datetime]::UnixEpoch.AddSeconds($tokendata.AccessToken.x.expires_on)}}
        }
    }
}

function ContextHas                 {
    <#
        .Syopsis
            Checks if the the current context is a work/school account and/or has access with the right scopes
    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        #list of scopes. will return true if at least one IS present.
        [string[]]$Scopes,
        #if specifies returns ture for a work-or-school account and false for "Live" accounts
        [switch]$WorkOrSchoolAccount,
        #if specified returns ture if connected with a user account and false if connected as an application
        [switch]$AsUser,
        #if specified returns ture if connected as an application and false if connected with a user account
        [switch]$AsApp,
        #If specified break instead of turning false
        [switch]$BreakIfNot,
        #If specified reverses the output.
        [switch]$Not
    )
    if (-not [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext) { Connect-Graph | Out-Host}
    if (-not $Scopes) { $state = $true }
    else {
        $state =  $false
        foreach ($s in $Scopes)  {
            $state = $state -or ([GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.Scopes -contains $s)
        }
    }
    if ($WorkOrSchoolAccount)  {
        $state = $state -and [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.WorkOrSchool
    }
    if ($AsUser)      {
        $state = $state -and [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.Account
    }
    if ($AsApp)       {
        $state = $state -and -not [GraphSession]::Instance.AuthContext.Account
    }
    if ($BreakIfNot ) {
        if ($Scopes              -and -not $state) {Write-Warning ("This requires the {0} scope(s)." -f ($Scopes -join ', ')) ; break}
        if ($WorkOrSchoolAccount -and -not $state) {Write-Warning  "This requires a work or school account."                  ; break}
        if ($AsUser              -and -not $state) {Write-Warning  "This requires a user-logon, not an app-logon."            ; break}
        if ($AsApp               -and -not $state) {Write-Warning  "This requires an app-logon, not a user-logon."            ; break}
    }
    #otherwise return true or false
    else  {return ( $state -xor $not )}
}